Adn vs Bsn – Differences

Adn vs Bsn: Differences Raven Masters University of Phoenix September 24, 2010 Adn vs Bsn: Differences In the late 1850s Florence Nightingale started her own school to train nurses and developed standards by which nurses performed their duties. She may never have envisioned that one day there would be different educational tracks resulting in multiple degrees and disciplines in nursing, each having their own set of criteria for excellence.Associate degree nurse (ADN) and baccalaureate degree nurse (BSN) are the two most common entry level nursing positions. An ADN can be obtained in two or three years whereas the BSN takes four years of education to complete due to additional courses. Differences between the degrees begin with education and mature as the nurse gains experience. Raines and Taglaireni’s (2008) article states ADN and BSN nurses attend the same basic liberal arts and general education courses such as English, literature, history, math, humanities, and arts.Both ha ve basic nursing courses, the same technical skill sets are taught, and nurses must pass the same National Council Licensing Examination for RNs (NCLEX-RN ©) which measures minimum technical competency for entry-level nursing practice. Colleges will differ in the exact requirements for each degree but the community college ADN program consists of approximately 75 course credits of which 38 are science and liberal arts prerequisites, and 37 credits are in the nursing major.The four-year college and university BSN program consists of approximately 124 credit hours of which 62 are in liberal arts and sciences prerequisites, and 62 are in the nursing major. BSN coursework has more in depth study for nursing research, informatics, management, and technology. These additional courses put more emphasis on theory, developing critical thinking skills, and leadership skills. The increased emphasis on theory and communication builds collaborative decision-making skills. In ADN courses nurses learn how to do patient care nursing tasks but not as much time is spent on the why of nursing nterventions. Nurses, regardless of educational background, must understand nursing care, perform nursing tasks, and conduct themselves professionally. These competencies are measurable or observable knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviors critical to successful job performance. When first entering the workforce differences in ADN and BSN competencies are not readily seen. According to the secondary analysis of the 1999 RN Practice Analysis by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing differences in the averages between ADN and BSN educated nurses were negligible (Smith, 2002).Pay rates are usually even when the nurses first enter the workforce but as experience is obtained BSN nurses earn higher salaries, usually when they move into leadership positions. Based on a personal experience, in one magnet hospital ADN nurses were only able to have Registered Nurse II status regardles s of years of experience. After only one year of working experience BSN educated nurses were able to become Registered Nurse III status, which paid five dollars an hour more.With that extra pay came other responsibilities such as setting up educational programs for the staff meetings and developing evidence-based research trials on the nursing unit. As the nurse gains experience and strives towards upward mobility in the organization, the differences become evident as hospitals and governing agencies are demanding BSN educated nurses. BSN is becoming the minimum requirement for administrative, research, consulting, and teaching positions. Also, for a nurse to achieve advanced practice nursing specialty a nurse must first have a BSN before being admitted to a master’s program.This means the ADN educated nurse will not achieve the same level of pay, responsibilities or opportunities as a BSN educated nurse. People are admitted to the hospital with more complex health conditions and co-morbidities than ever before. Hospitals are looking for ways to decrease adverse patient outcomes and increase patient safety. McHugh and Lake cited a 2003 study where researchers found that staff nurses with a BSN degree to be significant predictors of patient outcomes. It is thought that the more educated nurses used critical thinking skills and better judgment, which in turn provided higher patient care (McHugh et al. 2010). Assessment skills must be very sharp and nurses with knowledge in theory are able to ask patient questions that hone in on the patient’s problems. As a result better clinical decisions are made regarding patient care plans. On some hospital units every nurse takes a turn at being a charge nurse and on other units only the BSN-educated nurses are charge nurses. Personal experience has shown there is a difference in patient assignments. The BSN charge nurses used more discernment when judging the acuity of patients and the skills of the nurses on the unit.Patient assignments were more evenly distributed to nurses thereby providing higher quality of patient care. A recent study showed BSN prepared nurses had an impact on lower surgical patient mortality and failure to rescue because those nurses used better critical thinking skills and clinical judgment (McHugh et al. , 2010). According to Ward-Smith (2012), a 10% increase in BSN-educated nurses decreased the odds of patients dying by 4%. McHugh et al. (2010) also noted that nurses learned from each other and having nurses on staff that attained a BSN or higher education resulted in more expertise among all staff.Staff nurses desire an environment that allows them to have more autonomy in decision-making, a voice in how the unit and hospital are governed, and participative management. When hospitals made advances in these three areas, nurse retention was improved (Gormley, 2011). Magnet hospital criteria demands more BSN nurses and studies show where the majority of staff nu rses are BSN-prepared, they viewed their work environment as positive and quality of patient care higher. Nurse Managers with higher education are better equipped with interpersonal skills and the educational knowledge to create positive work environments for staff RNs.Nurses in positive work environments may be in a better position to deliver high quality, safe patient care (Zori, Nosek, & Musil, 2010). Healthcare is continually evolving with advancements in technology and political agendas so nursing organizations, such as the American Nurses Association, are encouraging nurses to obtain higher degrees (American Nurses Association, 2011). Programs such as Grand Canyon University’s RN to BSN program are evidence that ADN nurses are taking up that challenge. References ANA reaffirms commitment to BSN for entry level into practice Press Release.? American Nurses Association, â€Å"Nursing Education. Nursingworld. org Retrieved September 16, 2011, http://www. niir';ingwor1fl,n rg/MainMpniiratpgnrip. ‘! /ANAPnlitiralPnwpr/. Stat p/. StatpT. ppislativpAgenda/NiirsingRducatinn l. a. spx Gormley, D. (2011) Are we on the same page? Staff nurse and manager perceptions of work environment, quality of care and anticipated nurse turnover. Journal Of Nursing Management [serial online]. 19(1):33-40. McHugh, M. , & Lake, E. (2010). Understanding clinical expertise: nurse education, experience, and the hospital context. Research In Nursing & Health, 33(4), 276-287. doi:10. 1002/nur. 20388 Raines, C. , & Taglaireni, M. (2008).Career pathways in nursing: entry points and academic progression. Online Journal Of Issues In Nursing, 13(3). Smith, J. (2002). Analysis of differences in entry-level RN practice by educational preparation. Journal Of Nursing Education, 41(11), 491-494. Ward-Smith, P. (2012). Effects of Nurse Staffing and Nurse Education on Patient Deaths in Hospitals with Different Nurse Work Environment. Urologic Nursing, 32(2), 93. Zori, S. , Nosek, L. , & Musil, C. (2010). Critical Thinking of Nurse Managers Related to Staff RNs’ Perceptions of the Practice Environment. Journal Of Nursing Scholarship, 42(3), 305-313.

Meditation Journal Entries

First â€Å"in-class† Meditation have meditated before, but never in class. It was quite an experience! When I meditate, I tend to think a lot. Trying not to think about anything and focusing on my breathing is very hard for me. But know it will take some practice. My mind runs a mile a minute, but repeating â€Å"In and out† to solely concentrate on my breathing definitely helps. I can tell that was still a little distracted.Any goose that I heard brought me back to thinking, wondering what it was, where it was coming from. Once realized I was thinking again, I brought my focus back to my breathing, remembering â€Å"in and out†. I find it fascinating that you have to realize you a thinking sometimes it happens and you don't even know what you're thinking until you take a step back. The mind works in mysterious ways. I am intrigued to learn more about myself and mindfulness through mediation. /1/15 2. Youth: Nighttime Meditation Over the weekend I tried my best to take 5 minutes to myself to re-center and be present. Tonight I was having trouble winding down, so after my tea, I searched for â€Å"Nighttime Meditation† on youth. I meditated for about six minutes until I started to drift into sleep. I enjoyed the meditation because for those few moments of the day, was able to quiet my mind, relax, and become sleepy.I feel that guided meditation works best for me; listening to he soft spoken words of the man from the video really helps me to smash all the irrelevant thoughts going through my head and really focus on what was going on in that present moment. I also enjoyed the part of the meditation where the man was guiding me to feel my body parts, from my feet up to the tip of my head. At this point, feeling relaxed, aware, and present began to doze off. Of course, my head told me â€Å"Hey! You're dozing off! † there I go thinking again, and I shut off the video and immediately fell asleep.

Sony corp Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sony corp - Essay Example Though not all have been successful, Sony has endured in the world of high technology. The company had its beginnings by bringing a portable AM radio within the reach of all consumers and has evolved to encompass the areas of information technology, digital home electronics, media content, and financial services. Because of Sony's diverse product line, the company has found it beneficial to have a marketing plan that sells its business products through channels as well as direct sales to the consumer. Sony primarily sells its information technology to businesses through its Solution Provider Center that was introduced in 2006. Jay Dishong, vice president of business-to-business sales states that the Center provides improved, "commitment, communication and service levels to our distributors, solution providers and B2B end users" (Dishong). Mike Abary, vice president of Vaio notebook marketing states that , "You can no longer buy direct, if you are a business. The move to an all-channel model, he said, was driven largely by the better economics of delivering to businesses via solution providers" (Moltzen). In contrast to Sony's Provider Center for B2B products, their consumer products are marketed through direct sales via a web portal. The web site, Sonystyle.com also lists a toll free number that consumers can call to place an order. In addition, consumer products are made available through major retail outlets (Sony Style). . Sony products are marketed under categories that include electronics, music, games, movies, components, and financial services. They sell home entertainment electronics, the Play Station 2 video game, Blu-ray DVD discs, and digital cameras and camcorders. As a broad based home entertainment provider, they also own Sony Studios, which produces and distributes original movies and television content (Sony Pictures). These products are aimed at the consumer market. Sony also markets a line of audio-visual and information technology that targets businesses. These products include VAIO products, public displays, projectors, and optical storage products (Abary). The Sony Semiconductor Group manufactures electronic components to be used by OEM manufacturers. Sony financial services include banking, insurance, and credit cards. The core of Sony's business is the home electronics and information technology, which accounts for 90 percent of their revenue ("Business at a Glance"). Sony's objective has been, and remains, to be the leader in networked home electronics. By offering products that interact with each other they are able to network a household through a common entertainment network. Sony's marketing strategy has been to create a group of products that work together to deliver media content in the home. That strategy was based on the popularity of broadband and by the forming of alliances. The Play Station 2, and its DVD format Blu-ray, have been a key component of that strategy. "The development of the Play Station itself was aided by alliances forged between hardware designers and game-software developers; so were other innovations like the compact disc, a result of an alliance with Phillips" (Singh, Pangarkar, and Heracleous 99). Learning from the bitter rivalry between the videotape formats of Betamax and VHS, Sony has utilized alliances to popularize the Blu-ray high definition DVD format. In conclusion, Sony is primarily an

International Business Management Control Essay

International Business Management Control - Essay Example Globalisation has been the common term heard everywhere from the year 1990 and in today’s world there is no chance of the globalisation to get diminished. Globalisation means growth in the trade and business along with the expansion in the international market. In order to build a successful business in the global market, it is very important to set the business policies and strategies in such a way that it can accommodate the international business finance environment. The technological developments have made the international communication easier. This is helping the individuals to know the events that are happening outside their home land. This increased awareness of the individuals is leading to the increase in the international trade and also the number of business that are running outside the domestic land. This shows that the economies all around the world are closely linked. In order to sustain in the global market, it is very important for the business managers to rem ain conscious that the operation market, the suppliers, the business partners, the investors and the competitors will not be restricted to the domestic country only. They can belong to the international market as well. A successful business will anticipate the future downfalls and will always make proper utilisation of the opportunities to achieve competitive advantage in the market. The managers should understand the similarities and the differences existing across the national boundaries in order to grab the opportunities and cope up with the potential downfalls. In order to develop appropriate strategies for operating in the global market, the managers need to consider the advantages as well as the disadvantages of the globalisation.... Some companies develop different products and services to supply to the customers in different countries. There has been a growth in the international companies from the developing countries. This trend will increase in future. There are increasing political, legal and other environmental barriers related to the businesses operating in the international market. Effective measures should be taken by the business managers in order to achieve competitive advantage in the market. Literature Review Many research have been made on the management of business policies in order to accommodate with the international business finance environment. There should be maintenance of transparency in the business activities and the business policies should be followed by the managers in order to avoid the international business barriers. a) It is very important for a business to assess the management goals and objectives semi annually in order to achieve competitive advantage in the changing market and the regulatory international environment. The main objective of a firm is to gain competitive advantage in the market. Researchers like Horngren et al. (2005) stated that management accounting is a method which can influence the behaviour of the managers and enhance the achievement of the organizational objectives. A firm needs to allocate and utilise its resources effectively in order to reach its objectives. The short term resources are reflected in the operating budget of the firms. The short term resources are obtained from the bank credits, trade credits etc. The long term resources are reflected in the capital budget of the firms. The long term resources are allocated by a firm by the issue

The way to USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The way to USA - Essay Example I spent the week before I flew to USA walking in the house at night, driving around my hometown. I was strong and tough, so I did not cry at all, or perhaps I was only pretending to be strong. Here is an account of my experience on arriving to USA. It all started when I was expelled from my university, since I could not pass the math class twice. However, that was not because I was stupid. I had thought that the university would be like the high school, so, I did not work hard enough to pass the course. I was upset at that time. I felt lost. So, I started to ask myself what to do, and where to go. Since I could not find a job without a degree, so, I was hopeless, and I did not know what to do. I told my father, who was disappointed, but told me that I had not yet lost everything, and that I still had chances because I was not getting old for studying. He advised me to look up for a new university. I consulted people regarding this. One of my best friends told me that his cousin was studying at USA, and was happy enough about his choice so far. This was where I got the idea from. I talked to his cousin about this. Since I was a child, I was fantasizing about going to USA. I was dreaming about American culture, since I loved the ir way of living. So, that became my inspiration. I was afraid that my parents would stand against my decision, but I was wrong. My father told me, with a big smile and happy face, that he liked my talking like a grown up man. My mother was a bit worried about my staying in USA all alone. When she conveyed her feelings, her voice was trembling and her eyes started shedding tears, but she was pretended that she was looking down at her cell phone. I was not able to sleep after that. I was thinking a lot about how I could go by myself and adjust as I could not speak English. But, I was telling myself that everything would be all right. I put all my things together, which included my clothes, books, courage,

Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Marketing - Assignment Example Threats are competitions who are strongly positioned while opportunity is the growing interest of coffee drinkers for a sophisticated taste of coffee. As a formulation of an international marketing strategy, recommendation is for entry of Costa Coffee using a differentiated business approach. The purpose of this report is to analyze the critical factors required in entering a foreign market. The chosen country is Azerbaijan which is located in Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia, with a small European portion north of the Caucasus range. (CIA 2012). Costa Coffee needs to decide on the four types of entries to this market, namely: exporting, licensing, joint venture, and direct investment (Washington Secretary of State. Corporations Division). Costa Coffee has also need to plan the appropriate strategy in its entry. The market strategies established are the technological innovation, (the superiority of the product); product adaptation (modifications in the existing product); Availability (low price strategy); or total adaptation (conformity strategy). Azerbajan has a total population of 9,643,000 as of 2011 (CIA). It is composed of 3,436,459 females and 3,307,88l males in the bracket of ages 15-64 and a male population of 227,172 and 367,675 bracket of 65 years and above. Population is composed of Azeri 90.6%, Dagestani 2.2%, Russian 1.8%, Armenian 1.5%, other 3.9% (1999 census). Population growth rate is 1.017% with a rank of 114 in world comparison. Baku, its capital holds 1.9 million people. 2. Economy. Its high economic growth is attributable to a large and growing oil exports, construction, banking, and real estate. Obstacles to its progress is said to be the public and private sector corruption and infrastructure inefficiencies. The country also needs a stepped up foreign investment in the non-energy sector. It imports

Fashion Taste and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Fashion Taste and Ethics - Essay Example The essay "Fashion Taste and Ethics" discovers the taste in fashion. If the word can be taken within this context, ways in which the word culture is used seems to be fine. However, there arguably seem to be a different view concerning the term culture ought to be viewed. Perhaps this can enlist some reaction. With a view to help people appreciate the wholesome significance of a culture for the better understanding of humanity it is it certain that there is meaningless distinction between low cultures and high cultures. This thus implies that it is impossible for a certain group of people to be said to be more cultured or otherwise have more cultures than others. It goes without saying that the term culture from the anthropological point of view has a different distinctive meaning away from what it is known. This paper, therefore, investigates the word culture with a view to provide a fairly precise definition. In this paper, other terms that encompass the term culture shall be discus sed. The paper shall cover some pertinent elements of culture, as well as elaborate how essential culture is as far as human species is concerned. The paper shall sum up with explaining the modern anthropological view concerning how physical or biological differences and cultural differences between the human populations are closely related. The most widely celebrated technological developments are those pertaining to culture. These technologies are widely celebrated because they have broken physical barriers, transforming the world. into a village. The eventuality is that the current era is characterized by increased interaction of people across all cultures in the world. Therefore, it cannot be disputed that, as far as intercultural interactions are concerned, communications remains a pertinent subject. Indeed, communication barriers are not uncommon in communication, especially in communications involving low context and high context cultures. What may make the subject further cr itical is when nonverbal communication is involved. Eye-contact non-verbal communication is one of the critical areas of concern in high-context and low-context intercultural communication. Eye contact is not only an important form of verbal communication, buts also a human form for communication; animals are often disturbed by eye contact (Salas, 1992). A substantial focus has been directed to understanding intercultural eye-contact communication, in order to foster cultural competence and minimize cultural conflict. However, few studies have focused on assessing the implications of eye-contact on instruction adherence, especially in the multi-cultural learning environment. In the early phases of human revolutions, most human activities were limited to organized groups, that is, societies. As time went by, the interaction among these societies opened up, extending across regions, cultures, and languages. Undoubtedly, trends in business activities followed the same trend. Even intri guing is the fact that the world has evolved to the extent that globalizations has made human activities subject to cultural interactions. The world is now a global village, where people across diverse culture and all regions of the world interact more frequently than ever. To this extent, it cannot be overemphasized that human beings, as well as

Project management---management of project organization Essay - 2

Project management---management of project organization - Essay Example Basically, a typical construction contractor should have a tall structure while a management consulting company should a flat structure. This will help the consulting company to make informed decisions after consulting other members in the organization. Different organizational structures pose different challenges on managing projects. Decision making in a tall organizational structure is long and in some cases information is lost. Bureaucratic structures can make it difficult to manage a project. On the other hand, a flat organizational structure can make it easy to manage a project since different functions are delegated to other parties. For projects that cross functional boundaries, a flat structure is ideal. Decisions are promptly made and changes can also be quickly made. The outcome of a project in such a case is determined by the nature of the structure of the organization as well as how the tasks are assigned to different people involved. The project manager will delegate other tasks to other members in functional departments and these people would help him manage the project since he may not be able to oversee all the functions especially in a big project. Project management can be conceptualised as technology. According to Jones (2013), technology refers to the â€Å"skills, knowledge, abilities, techniques, materials, machines, computers, tools, and other equipment that people use to convert or change raw materials into valuable goods and services.† Technology is further categorised as individual, functional or organizational. The structure of the organization has a bearing on the technology used in carrying out project management. For instance, a centralised structure is effective in as far as technology is concerned in carrying out a project in small organizations. In the event that technology used is routine, a

Defending the Faith in the Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Defending the Faith in the Middle East - Essay Example Consider Imperial Russia's case to be the benefactor of Orthodox Christendom, a case focused on its major territorial opponent, the Ottoman Empire. Taking after the Ottoman rout in the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774, the Treaty of Kutchuk Kainardji permitted Russia to speak to Orthodox Christians in Ottoman lands. In spite of the fact that the settlement gave the ruler just the privilege to fabricate an Orthodox Church. Over the next decades, it progressively interfered in the sultan's relations with his Orthodox subjects, undermining Ottoman power. Additionally, Imperial France asserted to be the benefactor of worldwide Catholicism, particularly the Maronites of the Ottoman Levant. By the nineteenth century, Paris was perceived as having the privilege to intercede for the benefit of the sultan's Catholic subjects. "In the Orient, where the power of men is measured by the quantity of their customers, the improvement of our Catholic demographic is a national enthusiasm for us," compos ed the French history specialist Ernest Lavisse. The political issues of religion undermined the Westphalian request, in light of the standards regional respectability and of state power. In the meantime, these strategies subverted states, filled divisions inside of them — and frequently finished in brutality. Iran's endeavors to end up the worldwide guard of Shiite Muslims and Saudi Arabia's efforts to lead the Sunnis have gotten to be focal in their fight for dominance of the Middle East, changing the locale's global framework.

Mill Locke on Liberty Essay Example for Free

Mill Locke on Liberty Essay Through out history, many philosophers have discussed the rights of mankind such as existence, liberty and especially property. In the work â€Å"The Second Treatise of Civil Government† written by John Locke, mankind’s natural rights are critically examined one by one. This essay aims to discuss whether John Stuart Mill’s harm principle that he mentions in â€Å"On Liberty† can be exercised while not violating the natural rights of mankind or not. First of all, in order to find out the consistency of Mill’s harm principle with Locke’s natural rights, briefly one should examine Locke’s definitions of state of nature and state of war. For Locke, when men live together reasonably and have right to judge each other, without a common authority such as a government it is called state of nature. For Locke, state of nature is a reasonable state that mankind live peacefully. And when men use force, or assert a design of force over other men and threat their lives, where also no common authority is present it is called state of war. Apart from the state of nature, in the state of war, Locke says that â€Å"every man hath a right to punish the offender, and be executioner of the law of nature† which drags men into continuous and endless wars and quarrels. Consequently, because of living in state of war, men could not make use of their natural rights such as right of existence, liberty, property, health, and punishment and judgment. One may instantly, without giving you a chance of defend, kill you, take away your freedom, seize you property and can do many other evil and unlawful actions. In order to prevent the brutal outcomes of state of war, Locke highlights the need of common legislative authority over the members of the community which will lead men to state of society where possessing natural rights would have a meaning and use. From these points, with a general survey, one can establish relations with Mill’s harm principle in consistency with natural rights. Mill’s harm principle lets government or such common legislative authority use power, force or other instruments over persons against their will in order to prevent someone to harm any other. And what Locke is seeking by introducing common legislative power is not much different with Mill’s presentation of harm principle. Let me support my stance by explaining the close relation between the natural rights of mankind and the principle. Right of existence and right of freedom cannot be secured in the state of war. The stronger members of the community would take hold of the others liberty which naturally have to be free from all superior powers and make them his slaves by at the same time threaten their lives, torturing and killing them. And putting forward that they can do anything they want and live in fully satisfied because of the natural right of liberty. But that is not the liberty of men. In such cases, rights of existence and liberty are attached to the willpower of the strongest although they are natural and given by god. True liberty is as Locke defines the freedom of men to follow their own wills and make their choices under the supervision of common legislative powers. So that for Locke such wills and actions that threatens others right of existence will not considered as natural right of freedom and not protected by government and vice-versa government will apply sanctions over whom uses right of freedom in bad faith. Then one shall say that Mill’s harm principle is put into practice over Locke’s natural rights of liberty. They joined together in the state of civilized society holding each other. Another very significant natural right that Locke talks about is property right. Firstly, he says that everything which lies on the earth created by god or nature belongs to the mankind in common. But mankind needs to use those unpossessed crops and fruits of earth in order to satisfy their needs and support and comfort of their being. Inevitably, concept of property is needed. Locke, at that point, says that whoever puts his or her labor on something that belongs to nature and community becomes the owner of that thing and constitutes title on it. The apples which in nature and owned by everybody, when gathered from trees by someone by mixing labor into, becomes the apples of the laborer or gatherer. By that way, I mean by mixing labor on something as Locke signifies, natural right of property can be established over something which is before common. However the question is, can one use Mill’s harm principle without violating Locke’s natural property right? The process of mixing effort on something is unclear. One may exert any kind of force and work to get the property of anything and may say â€Å"I have put my work on it† although actions may not legal, unjust, unfair and not protected by government. Another aspect is how someone can know and set apart the common and the owned property? Again he may put his effort on something which is already owned by another. The rule, first come, first served is not so determining and in practice many conflicts may occur. In both cases someone may get hurt by another’s actions. So in a sense, it seems harm principle is needed to be accepted by the government in order to prevent such harmful actions performed by ones who try to own something. In my opinion, in such cases putting into practice the harm principle is not a violation over property right, seems more like a limitation on behalf of mankind. Moreover, as Locke also explains everyone should not labor more than he could make use of, otherwise indirectly others may be affected by scarcity and lack of resources. At that point again harm principle can step in, and in order to prevent someone to acquire more than what he needs, common authority may exercise power on selfish ones. In conclusion, one may say that harm principle generally can be exercised by community while not violating the natural rights but limiting it on behalf of members of the society. Because as I tried to show that without such instruments, I mean harm principle, people who had bad faith in, can use natural rights in evil things.

Effect of Knowledge Sharing on Personal and Cultural Factors

Effect of Knowledge Sharing on Personal and Cultural Factors Theory of Knowledge With reference to two areas of knowledge discuss the way in which shared knowledge can shape personal knowledge. In this essay, we are faced with the question as to how shared knowledge can shape personal knowledge. Can the world be improved every time each individual contributes his own knowledge for the benefit of someone else? Is knowledge sharing the key to success? Initially, I will provide definitions of key-notions for better understanding of the difference between shared knowledge and personal knowledge, which is summarized by what â€Å"I know† and what â€Å"we know†. According to the Oxford Dictionaries, knowledge is defined as â€Å"facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject†[1]. Personal knowledge is not certainly the same as community knowledge. What an individual knows or how an individual makes knowledge and what community knows are different matters. Personal knowledge is the knowledge acquired through observation or personal experiences by an individual[2]. Shared knowledge is the knowledge shared between people who exchange through information, skills, or expertise[3]. These definitions are neither the correct, nor only definitions of these terms. The classic general example would be with a patient that has a problem with his leg, where the surgeon would want to operate, the pharmacist would want to medicate, the physiotherapist would want to exercise the musco-skeletal system, the priest would pray and so on. Each of them would take its own approach based on his background and shared knowledge held by profession. However, knowledge sharing encompasses not only the sharing of â€Å"great things†, but equally the sharing of â€Å"little things† with the intention of improving the way things get done.[4] Natural Sciences and History provide plenty of examples which show unique study of the past and influence the present. To begin with, can we use a scientific method to develop personal knowledge from shared knowledge? Darwin’s famed evolutionary theories in On the Origin of Species, where the notion that all life is related and descended from a common ancestor: the birds and the bananas, the fishes and the flowers, all are related. The organism’s genetic code is altered as the genes mutate, of which the beneficial mutations remain because they ensure survival, a process called â€Å"natural selection†. Survival and adaption is determined by natural selection. Darwin’s theory became a theory in crisis in light of the tremendous advances made in molecular biology, biochemistry and genetics over the years. Thus shared knowledge led Darwin to concede that â€Å"if it could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed, which could not possibly have been formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications, my theory would absolutely break down†[5]. DNA testing reveals our genetic make-up and, along with genetics, is a means of helping scientists to establish reasoni ng behind how species have originated from a common ancestor. The Human Genome Project, through its sequencing of the DNA, can help us understand diseases including viruses and appropriate treatment, identification of different forms of cancer, the design of medication and their effects, advances in forensic and applied sciences, biofuels and other energy applications, agriculture, livestock breeding, bioprocessing; risk assessment, bioarcheology, anthropology, evolution. It becomes clear that knowledge is perishable, increasingly short lived and to get most things done you need to share with people to achieve your objectives[6]. On the other hand, for centuries people believed that life was created from elements and not from eggs, seeds or other ways of reproduction. The first to believe in this theory was Aristotle who based his thinking on the studies that Anaximander and Hippolytus had previously made and said that life came spontaneously like mud and earth when exposed to sunlight. The theory of the spontaneity of life continued to be believed for thousands of years after Aristotle until 1877, when Louis Pasteur proved that this theory was wrong. He showed that it was not possible for maggots to appear on meat in a sealed container[7]. Pasteur demonstrated that fermentation occurs through the growth of micro-organisms and the emergent growth of bacteria is due to biogenesis (all life from life). Thus the â€Å"personal knowledge† of difference is changing which then affects the whole group/the shared knowledge. Although truth is an objective requirement for knowledge, belief is a subjective requirement for it. Reason gives us greater certainty than perception or belief. What we often hear is said that science has proved something. â€Å"Every scientist knows that science advances only if knowledge is shared†, said Dr. Walt Warnick[8] . If scientific knowledge is not shared, then research may not be done accurately. It is better if scientists share their opinions and thoughts in order to progress and succeed in finding new aspects in several different fields. Every single scientist has to have the incentive to share, use and improve his judgment, disclose ideas or being open to everything is more correct. Scientific progress needs a background of careful observation and imagination plays an important role in the development of new scientific ideas. Thus, part of Copernicus’ genius was that while he saw what everyone else saw when he looked at the night sky, he came up with a di fferent way of looking at it, although this idea did not catch on when the Greek astronomer Aristarchus had suggested that the earth goes round the sun as early as the third century BC . Hence, the vast majority of our knowledge is neither personal nor individual but it is knowledge shared with the rest of the knowledge of the community. Despite the success of the natural sciences we need to keep in mind that they do not have a monopoly for knowledge. â€Å"History is but the register of human crimes and misfortunes† said Voltaire. History seeks to reconstruct past on the basis of evidence that can be found in the present. History is knowledge and â€Å"those who don’t study the past are condemned to repeat it† (George Santayana). The emerging concept of knowledge democracy addresses the relationships between knowledge production and distribution of knowledge. Although the Athenian democracy was based on open deliberation and voting and recognized this as a distinctive way of gaining knowledge about the world and acting upon that knowledge, it was depended also on the willingness of the citizen participants to accept the implicit assumptions they lived by, and the information on the basis of which they cast their votes. Athenian political culture was based on collective opinion rather than on cer tain knowledge and on the assumption that opinion could be translated on practical reality through democratic political process[9]. Thucydides developed what the world described as historical knowledge and he was supported by the majority of Athenians. Thus the personal knowledge of each Athenian became shared knowledge of all the Athenians and vice versa the shared knowledge of the majority of Athenians became personal knowledge of each one of them. History is not simply concerned with describing the past and explaining it. The study of history is something that can give us good judgment about human affairs. On the other hand, history, as a shared knowledge, is a defence against propaganda. One of the best known examples of the abuse of history is from the Stalinist era in the former Soviet Union and the propaganda within Nazi Germany. Communist propaganda in the Soviet Union was based on the Marxist-Leninist ideology to promote the Communist party. Propaganda was part of education, broadcast by any means possible from schools to cinema, with a goal to build a society on the basis of common ownership of the means of production, where the society would be completely under the control of the state. Propaganda is the art of persuasion and Joseph Goebbels was in charge in Nazi Germany of Hitler. His role was to control and censor information available to the German population that could subject the Nazi party to any hostile or damaging opinions. This meant that the pro-Nazi information broadcast to the public was ever more persuasive in nature. Hitler managed to convince 70 million rational people to engage in horrible atrocities and wage war against the world using his speeches and propaganda[10]. Thus history, which is shared knowledge, is concerned with the past and one obvious problem with trying to know the past is that it no longer exists. History is based on primary sources, but since they are selective interpretation of events they cannot always be taken at face value[11] since memory, emotion, sense perception, reason, faith, belief,language play an important role. In conclusion, what are the implications of this shared knowledge for one’s own individual knowledge? Personal experience, vision and inspiration can contribute to shared knowledge when that personal knowledge is communicated to and accepted by the community as it happened with Copernicus’ or Louis Pasteur’s theories. It could also be argued that the relationship between shared and personal knowledge is bi-directional and inseparable. But, shared knowledge of democracy shaped the personal knowledge of each Athenian. History of one’s own nation might give deeper understanding of one’s own past. Day- to- day work of scientists working within the â€Å"paradigm† has made scientists more aware and more receptive to the evolution of the scientific views, as Thomas Kuhn claimed. However, propaganda during Stalinist or Nazi era show that â€Å"paradigm† shifts are more likely in loose shared knowledge and may cause the total controversy of the world.[12] 1 [1] http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/knowledge [2] http://thelawdictionary.org/personal-knowledge/ [3] Frost, Alan.Knowledge Sharing. KMT. Retrieved 17 April 2013.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_sharing) [4]  http://www.gurteen.com/gurteen/gurteen.nsf/id/ksculture [5] Political Dissent in Democratic Athens: Intellectual Critics p.35 [6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Genome_Project [7] http://www.toptenz.net/top-10-most-famous-scientific-theories-that-turned-out-to-be-wrong.php [8] http://www.osti.gv/home/ostiblog/knowledge-investment-curve-0 [9] http://web.stanford.edu/group/dispersed_author/docs/ThucydidesCriticism.pdf [10] http://brainblogger.com/2008/11/04/hitlers-guide-to-propaganda-the-psychology-of-coercion/ [11] Theory of Knowledge. Richard van de Lagemaat,p.320 [12] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Kuhn

Essay --

Courage and Honesty in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Approximately 6000 years ago in the late 1300’s, a poem by the title of â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† was written by an anonymous author. The poem was initially written in medieval literature with a very unique rhyme scheme, but was later translated to regular English for the purpose of studying and reading by high school students and researchers. The setting in the beginning of the story is in King Arthurs Court at a New Years Celebration. The celebration seems to be going well until the arrival of an uninvited guest. The Green Knight is introduced to the story when he arrives at the feast and asks the bulk of knights if they are willing to join him in a game. The point of the game is that he will allow which ever knight that chooses to challenge him one swing with an ax to try and chop off his head, but in order to play the game, the accepting knight must meet the green knight one year later at the green chapel so that he may do the same. After a great deal of taunting, the Green knight had finally provoked one of King Arthurs knights to accept his challenge. It just so happens that the bold knight Sir Gawain was the knight to step up to the plate. With only one swing, Sir Gawain is successful in chopping off the Green Knights head. To much astonishment, immediately after the knight is decapitated, he stands up, picks up h is head and is on his way. After a year, Sir Gawain sets off a journey to find the Green Chapel. While on his travels, Sir Gawain arrives at castle and is invited by the Lord to stay for the remainder of his trip.On the first morning of his stay, the Lord makes a deal with Sir Gawain. The deal is that the Lord will go out and search for the Green Cas... ...ed what he got. On the third day while the lord was hunting his wife gives Gawain this magic girdle that she tells him it will save him from the green knight. Gawain takes it and doesn't share what was rightfully the lords. For that woven garment you wear is my own girdle. My wife wove it, *so I know it well. I have missed no facts concerning your acts and kisses, Nor my wife's wooing of you; I brought it all about. I sent her to test you. You withstood her stoutly. You're the most faultless solider who walks on foot! This is explaining how the lord set up this trap for Gawain to fall into. This was to test his honesty and see if he would share this magic girdle that would save his life. Gawain was to the point were he wasn't looking to be honest with the lord and give him back the girdle. He knew if would of given up the girdle the green knight would of killed him.

Argument in Favor of Gun Control Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Exa

â€Å"Almost twelve kids lose their lives every single day because of guns† (Capps). Most recently, two young boys were shot as they were leaving a high school football game. Soon, another year anniversary of the Columbine High School shooting will arrive. In this incident, two students opened fire on their classmates in Columbine. I cannot imagine the horrors of my fellow students being killed by guns! Many other related acts of gun violence have brought up issues on gun control. Debates have risen between citizens on how the government should establish stronger gun control laws. Despite the National Rifle Association strong objections against these issues, gun control laws must be increased. Many citizens agree that gun control laws must be established, because of the recent acts of violence committed with guns. The gun control issues take a heated debate, because now kids are targets of gun violence. In the Columbine shooting, both students purchased their weapons at a gun show with the help of an eighteen-year-old friend (Sanko). If the gun show provider was forced by law to do a background check the two students wouldn’t have received the guns. As of right now background checks are only done on weapons that are purchased from federally licensed dealers. This is one reason for new gun control laws. The death of Kayla Rolland, on February 20, 2012, is a another reason for new gun control laws. Kayla was gunned down in her elementary school by a six year old classmate (Smolowe). The child obtained the gun with the help of his father. His father had left the gun on the living room table. As of right now guns are not required to have child safety locks. Moreover, kids can get guns without the help of a friend o... ...their own classmates. Lastly, the control of gun manufacturing will decrease the availability of guns on the streets New gun control laws are important to the children of today and tomorrow. The power lies behind the government and unfortunately the National Rifle Association. Works Cited Capps, Louis. â€Å"Capps Continues Fight for Common Sense Gun Control.† FDCH Press Releases. 3 Mar. 2014. Harrington-Lueker, Donna. â€Å"Blown Away by School Violence.† Education Digest. 58.3 (2013): 50, 4. Lazar, Daniel. â€Å"Your Constitution is Killing You.† Harper’s Magazine. 299.1793 (2011): 57,9. Reynolds, Rhonda. â€Å"Kids Who Kill.† Black Enterprise. (2013): 47,1. Sanko, John. â€Å"Gun-control Measure’s Wording for Vote Framed.† Denver Rocky Mountains News Capital Bureau. 4 April. 2012. Smolowe, Jill., et al. â€Å"Fallen Angel.† People. (2014): 66,2.

Holes Essays -- essays research papers

Stanley Yelnats has a history of being in the wrong place and the wrong time. He was even wrongly accused of stealing a pair of old sneakers that was owned by a baseball player. He was sent to a juvenile correction center, Camp Green Lake. On Camp Green Lake there is nothing green and no lake, there are also no metal bars, electric fences, and no guard towers, all there is are a few cabins and tents in the middle of nowhere. If the campers tried to run they would be â€Å"buzzard food†. Each day every camper has to dig a hole that is five feet in all directions and five feet deep. The Warden says its to build character, but really it is because the Warden is secretly searching for something. Stanley’s family has an interesting history through the generations. His family’s bad luck started all...

Behavioral Science

The article â€Å"Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Early Parental Employment on Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth†, Elizabeth Harvey continues the exploration of an enduringly contentious subject. She walks us through findings reported by six different studies. The researchers performing those studies based their findings on the same data set taken from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY).Elizabeth made reference throughout the article of the widely differing results these six studies presented. No one study agreed in whole with any of the others. Elizabeth attributed this to the fact that the data taken was widely varied and the approaches were also diverse. She took these studies into account and proceeded to perform her own investigation. In her analysis, Elizabeth was able to incorporate inconsistencies found in previous studies and was also able to use more recent data to validate or void these results.Using factors such as income, age, IQ and hours worked in a day brought no conclusive figures. Elizabeth was only able to come up with slight variations and consistencies. Two of the more prominent results were: 1) â€Å"Early parental employment appeared to be somewhat more beneficial for single mothers and lower income families. † And 2) â€Å"There was some support for the hypothesis that early parental employment positively affects children’s development by increasing family income.† If a broad view is taken of these studies, children are not any more or less likely to develop negative or positive traits based on whether their parents employment status. Children have rarely been well defined by statistics. While this study certainly has its merits, specific details not included would make it difficult to attach mental and cognitive development to parental use of day care. One such detail was suggested in the article.The quality of care provided would most certainly have an impact on any chil d’s development. A nurturing environment would allow a child to flourish and be successful while a hostile atmosphere would produce opposite results. Another factor would be the involvement of the parents in the child’s development. If a child is in attendance at day care all day and comes home to a parent who is attentive and interactive in a positive way, there is a better chance that child will know mental and cognitive advancement.A third factor addressed generally in the article deals with the age of the child when they enter into a day care situation. It is widely known infants go through an attachment phase through their first year of life. After the successful completion of this phase, infants are more prepared to enter into social settings when they are older. On the same note, children who are enrolled after their second or third year are better equipped to handle adjusting to time away from their parents as well as interacting with other children their same age.Discoveries made through this existing data offer insight to parents and care givers alike. Making information like this available permits them to make the best decision possible for their families, loved ones and for themselves. While many of the facts are still imprecise, further research will produce additional insights. Works Cited Harvey, Elizabeth. â€Å"Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Early Parental Employment on Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. † Developmental Psychology 35. 2 (1999): 445-459. Behavioral science Family violence is used to refer to the many forms of abuse or mistreatment or neglect that adults or children face within the family setting. Lately more focus is put on the groups that are victimized. Child abuse and spousal abuse are most emphasized areas. It is not definite how family violence is widespread as in most cases it remains untold. Spousal abuse is a major type of family violence. It entails any form of maltreatment of a woman or a man by their partners.There are different forms of spousal abuse and they include physical abuse, which includes any physical force meted on the person, sexual abuse which could be inform of degrading where one can withhold finances required for necessities, stealing or using fraudulent means to take the partners finances. Spiritual abuse can also be used whereby one is denied the freedom of worship or engaging in spiritual or religious activities. Most causes of spousal abuse go unreported, as partners are less willing to see the abusers pu nished. Most believe that using the criminal justice system will not suffice.They also fail to trust that the system will protect them. Males and females get the same exposure to spousal abuse. Males are less likely to report their condition than females. The consequences of spousal abuse affect the physical, mental health and emotional aspects one’s self esteem is reduced and their self-efficacy and worth consequently declines. Spousal abuse affects children growth in the homes where it occurs. It instills fear and hinders their reasoning ability. Spousal abuse can ensure a circular link whereby those who are abused maintain the cycle.Death for the abused person is the ultimate solution of those who are abused. Abused spouses undergo extra costs in terms of medical and health costs. Partners used in the process of ensuring the reduction of spousal abuse include lawyers, psychologists, police, social workers and those who work with battered spouses. These parties work incorpo ration with the government of the day to ensure that family violence comes to a stop. A major government role in ensuring that this aim is reached is to strengthen the criminal system so that people shy away from committing such claims for fear of the punishment.Ways of enforcing the government is increasing the penalties and ensuring privacy and confidentiality of those who report violent cases. (Holden, pp320) To tackle spousal abuse the victims need to report the acts. The police tact is required so that justice prevails when responsible abusers are arrested. Police protection will ensure that abused people come and report their cases with a tactful police force. Justice will prevail when they are arrested and taken to authorities. Public education will be a necessary step to ensure that spousal abuse is addressed.It sensitizes the public about their rights and how they can fight exploitation by their spouses. Organizations dealing with battered spouses will help them heal from t he wounds caused by the abuse. Dissemination of information about people’s right and access to services that facilitate reduced abuse can be through publications. The governments of respective countries should increase their funding to projects that are geared towards eradication of family violence especially spousal abuse. (http://www. justice. gc. ca/en/ps/fm/spouseafs. html). The police ensure that the country abides the laws of the day.They allow promotion of respect for the rights and freedoms. Live free is an organization that deals with battered spouses. It acknowledges the importance of awareness in preventing and reducing family violence especially spousal abuse. It helps members of society understand the causes of the abuse and the forms by which it occurs. It also gives people a clear picture of the effects of family violence to the society at large. It sensitizes people of how the abuse can be stopped. It assists victims understand how denial and isolation promote s the vice.The organization harbors victims of spousal abuse where it offers the basic needs and counseling services. Those who undergo their program are changed by it eventually. Their perception about abuse and their rights enable the halting of such abuse. It ensures support and safety for the victims and instills in the minds of ‘survivors’ that only them are accountable for stopping their violence. Inside the organization, social network groups are formed and through sharing experiences protection of members is sustained. (Tan et al, pp444) Inadequate resources to fund the projects are a major challenge for the organization.The demand or needs of their services are increasing overwhelming and this hinders their efficiency. Battered immigrant women face challenges in seeking their services. Language barriers, fear of deportation and mistrust of the government hinder them from accessing ‘Live Free’ services. It has succeeded in offering shelter for the a bused spouses in society. It gives them a new lease of life where they are able to understand and end abuse. This is done through informative presentations or skills performed before officials like law enforcement and service providers.The organization uses art, music and fun in promoting awareness about family violence. It offers training for leaders to equip them with information and skills geared towards eradicating family violence. It has succeeded in ensuring people’s perception has changed. The judicial system has incorporated some guidelines aired by Live Free organization. It has also promoted leadership and empowerment development. Another problem faced is that some members in society may be unwilling to accept the organizations point of view. The police are influential in a country’s legal institutional context.Police intervention on family violence is highly dependent on the people’s willingness to report the matters to them. The society determines wh at is crime and people will report family violence to the police if they consider it a crime. Police efforts of combating spousal abuse are negatively affected by women’s attitudes. Sometimes women are ashamed of reporting incidences of violence. At other times they fear what will befall them after authorities handle their abusers. Fear of own victimization will hinder a woman from reporting a rape incidence.There is a high tendency of women understanding of violence and they try to justify their husband’s actions. Notions used to justify violence against them include jealously, alcohol influence or hardships like unemployment or stressful work. (E. G et al, pp320) The police have succeeded in rescuing victims of spousal abuse who almost got killed. These incidences give the police joy as they save lives. The core purpose of the police in handling this problem is arresting culprits and ensuring justice always prevails. They offer investigative services here they invest igate cases of spousal abuse that have been reported to them.They also provide legal services where by the process of obtaining emergency or long-term protection for those who report cases to them are provided. This approach is very important in ensuring that other cases are reported. Those who shy away from reporting cases for fear of the abuser can now report their cases. The police also offer social services where counseling services are offered for the victims. The counselors are the first people to handle victims of abuse. They assess the problems of the victims to establish how they will be assisted.They aim to increase batterer accountability, empower the survivors to lead violent free lives and ensures society have zero tolerance of family violence. (Brinkerhoff et al, pp26) The police advice victims that they will lay charges if their thorough investigation demands for it. They provide information of services they provide. They obtain statements, and gather evidence at the scene of said abuse. They remain until the clouds are clear or there are no threats to the victim. Reduction of federal government funding would negatively affect the services offered by the police.Perception that spousal abuse is a private matter also limits the number of people reporting the issue. Success of the police in handling these services can be assessed by the reduction in violence overtime. (Burris et al,pp315) Ties of the offenders like economic ties, emotional ties and other shared memories make some spouses forfeit charges that could have see the abuse come to an end. Arresting offenders against the victim’s wishes hinders effective eradication of family violence. Arrests have not been very successful in promoting behavior change. Not all abusers who are arrested change their behavior.Up to date the police still use the approaches they used before. Those who abuse their spouses are arrested and charged. The police face the challenge of risking their when invest igating these cases. The people they are attempting to arrest can harm them. If the police force and the organizations dealing with battered spouses worked without hindrances like limited funds then they would be able to fulfill the needs of the victims of spousal abuse. The frustration faced by the police and organizations trying to help the abused spouses in society include the bureaucratic long procedures that hinder effective counteracting of abuse.Unwilling victims also contribute to inefficiency in the police will to combat spousal abuse. The police find joy when they help save victims of abuse from their abusers. Fear to approach the police also frustrates the police as it hinders their efficiency in promoting productive services. Dropping charges by the victims also frustrates the efforts by the police to fight spousal abuse. Officers agree that arresting offenders is not the sole way of eradicating or solving, spousal problem. Police are also accused of not responding quick ly especially if according to their judgment the person seeking for helping is not very desperate.Reference: Hattendorf, J. , & Tollerud, T. R. Domestic Violence: Counseling Strategies That Minimize the Impact of Secondary Victimization. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 1997, pp14-23 Sherman, L. W. , Schmidt, J. D. , Rogan, D. P. , Smith, D. A. , Gartin, P. R. , Cohn, E. G. , Collins, D. J. , & Bacich, A. R. The variable effects of arrest on criminal careers: The Milwaukee domestic violence experiment. The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 1992, 83, pp137-169. Brinkerhoff, M. B. , Grandin, E. , & Lupri, E. Religious involvement and spousal violence: The Canadian case Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 1992, 31, pp15-31.Holden, G. & Ritchie, K. Linking extreme marital discord, child rearing, and child behavior problems: Evidence from battered women. Child Development, 1991, 62, pp 311-327. Family violence Initiative. Spousal Abuse. A fact Sheet from Department of Jus tice Canada. 2006. Retrieved on 19th October 2007 from (http://www. justice. gc. ca/en/ps/fm/spouseafs. html). Tan, C. , Basta, J. , Sullivan, C. M. , & Davidson II, W. S. The Role of Social Support in the Lives of Women Exiting Domestic Violence Shelters Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1995, pp 437-451 Burris, C. A. , & Jaffe, P. Wife abuse as a crime: The impact of police laying charges.Canadian Journal of Criminology, 1983, 25, 309-318 Spanking a child is abusive. It has been found out that in the long term it may produce adverse effects to the child. Children who start being spanked at an early age end up adapting anti-social behavior like disobedience at school and deliberate breaking of things. Levels of anti-social behavior of children who don’t get spanked were lower. The common saying ‘spare the child spoil the rod’ has been internalized in people’s mind but this has proved to have reverse effects. Spanking children has been going on for a long time with approximately 90% of parents in U.S spanking their children. Most parents regardless of their cultures spank their children occasionally. Most experts have divergent ideas as to whether it should be used but at some circumstances and that it should be done sparingly. Spanking is a way of enforcing limits to children especially when they are incontrollable and at a delicate age. Again, spanking may act as a means to warn them of activities that may be harmful to them option. Spanking is done more to boys than girls and it declines with age. Fathers are less likely to spank their older daughters while blacks and single wome

Price and Value Agreement

Is the value of something equal to the price tag placed on it? Is the value and worth of something the same for every person? This is something that many struggle with understanding properly. To fully understand this concept then you must understand the true difference between the value, price, and worth of something. I intend to explain these and provide you with a better understanding by the end of this paper. Have you ever went grocery shopping and purchased multiple items just because there was a half off sale; or a buy one and get one free sale? Many of you probably have, I am one myself that is guilty of this. However, have you ever really thought about the value of that additional item? Since it was free does it mean that there was not value of it either? This is where the importance of knowing the difference in value and price. The value of something does not determine the price of it; the price is determined by the demand of something and how many are available, or otherwise known as the supply. If there is a high demand of something then there is going to be a lower supply of them available. When the supply is low and the demand is high; people are willing to pay more for that item when it is available. This is something that you see happening during the holiday season. For example, a few years ago when the Tickle Me Elmo’s were so popular, the stores increased the prices by almost double just because they knew that people would pay it. Are you one of those people that will pay the price for something you want, regardless on how much it is? There are many of people that do; but not me. I am one of those that will wait for the price to go down; or will do research online to look and see if I can find it cheaper. I am not one of those people that have to have the best of everything; although I do like to stay within the modern days. However, I am willing to pay more for fuel and true necessities. I know that there are smaller stores and gas stations that have these things but price them higher; however, I figure if I can get everything that I need at that time in one stop then why should I waste gas to drive around to find what I am looking for? I have also realized that the name brand items are more expensive that the generic items. This sometimes means that you get cheaper made products, depending on what you are looking at at that particular time. I will pay more for the more popular and name brand items when it comes to vehicles and electronics; but I am all for the generic in everything else. There are sometimes that I prefer name brand jeans; but that is just because they are stronger material for when I work. My uncle is from Mexico and sends money home often. He indicated that the last time he sent money the exchange rate was fourteen peso to the American dollar. So does this mean that if something costs fourteen thousand dollars here that it is only one thousand in Mexico? No, it does not. Something that would cost 32 peso in Mexico would convert to costing two dollars and twenty five cents in American dollars. However that same thing is going to cost roughly three dollars and sixty cents here. Mexico has a much lower income rate so therefore the cost of living is lower. This also applies for each state here in the United States. There are different states that have higher income levels, thus higher cost of living. This means that goods, services, homes, and many other things are going to be more expensive in that state than what you could get in another state. With this being said; is a three bedroom home is California worth more or better than the same three bedroom home in Montana? This does not make the house any better than the other; however, does make it worth more. This is because California is a much more desired state to live in and work because of the attractions and the income level being so high. Therefore, the real estate prices and value go up. The house in California is also going to have a different type of structure that the one in Montana and that is because of the different climate threats and weather conditions; therefore, that also raises the value of the property. However, the largest asset that is going to determine the value of the property is the location of it. I personally would pass up an opportunity to live in a large state and city any day just to stay in my little town. I may not live in the best house but I do live in the best neighborhood of my town. I don’t have to worry about the crime and violence where I am as much as others do. The one thing to remember about property value is that it is better to be the roughest house in the best neighborhood than what it is to be the best house in the roughest neighborhood. This is once again because of the location determine the value of the home. Not only have the value and prices of real estate in my area went down over the years with the economy; but the value of the American dollar has as well. This is caused the cost of living to increase and therefore, the minimum wage has also. When I first started working the minimum wage was only $5. 15 per hour. Here is Indiana it was actually that for many years up until here just a few years ago. Since the cost of living has gone up, the minimum wage has now gone up to $7. 25 per hour here. I try not to look at it as me only being worth that much; but my time for the company being worth that much. I know that my time is worth more to my family; however, I have to have a means of supporting them. I think it is really hard to determine the worth of people dependant on their career choice. I say this because when we take a rookie baseball player making five million dollars a year and a veteran teacher only makes sixty thousand dollars a year; it is really hard to believe that a baseball player does more good than a teacher. The baseball player makes more because they generate trillions of dollars in income annually for the team; thus why they are able to be paid so much. Although the teachers put in just as much time, if not more, they do not generate any income for the schools, so they could be considered an expense. The funding to pay the teachers come from the government and therefore, is much less than that of a baseball player. However, I do not think that the amount of income can determine one’s worth; especially in this situation. I think I would have to say that I am willing to do many jobs to support myself and my family; however, the one that I am not willing to do is fast food. This is because I can not take the heat of being in the kitchen and dealing with the rude customers. It is also a proven fact that those that work in fast food are more apt to be overweight and not healthy. I have enough problems with my weight the way it is; I don’t need the help of the fast food. Price, value, and worth are all related in one way or another. You make decisions on the worth of the item to you every time you decide to make a purchase or not be determining if the item is worth enough to you to pay the price. The higher the demand equals the lower the supply; therefore, the lower the supply equals the higher the price. The worth is determined by each individual because an item may be worth more to one person than it is to another.

Robot Palletizing

PROC teach_drop() MoveJ drop_pt,v1000,fine,tool0; ENDPROC PROC open_gripper() Reset do1; WaitTime 0. 5; ENDPROC QuickTeach software- Creating and calling a subroutine by passing parameter/s to it A. Select â€Å"Routines† from the â€Å"VIEW† top menu keys 1. Cursor to the new subroutine 2. Select â€Å"Decl† (Declaration) from the bottom function keys 3. Select â€Å"Jump† key to switch to bottom half of the page 4. Select â€Å"new† to create a new parameter for subroutine 5. Select â€Å"Right† arrow key to â€Å"Param1† 6. Select â€Å"Text† from the bottom function keys 7. Type the variable name â€Å"y† Repeat the steps 4-7 for more parameters B.Call and set the for the subroutine 1. Select â€Å"ProcCall† and select the subroutine 2. Type or select the variable name. 3. Type â€Å"y† 4. Select â€Å"ok† 5. The result is â€Å"Routine1 y†. Selection buttons and instructions Selecting a nu mber of instructions: Robotic Envelop and Bill of Material (BOM) Bill Of Material ITEM QTY DESCRIPTION REMARKS PPNP unit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 1 10 1 1 1 1 2 ABB IRB 1400 Robot manipulator S4 Controller Pallet Output conveyor In feed conveyor Spring Stand Pneumatic PNP unit PLC unit Allen Bradley & OMRON PLC Part Pick 2 x10 matrixUse only top view of the cell Do not label the components in the drawing itself 8 ABB Rapid new instructions TPWRITE â€Å"Remarks† Type in message to display on the teach pendant for the operator. TPERASE Clear the screen of the teach pendant. Case Study – 2 dimensional palletizing Write a 2Ãâ€"3 palletizing program for the ABB robot. The robot will pick up parts from the conveyor belt and place them on the packaging tray. a) Sketch the layout of the application. (Include the robot, robot envelope, pallet, conveyors, other components. b) Sketch the Program Routine Layouts c) Write the program Specifications: The tray is arranged into 10 columns (7 6. 2 mm in x direction) and 2 rows (50. 8 mm between in y direction) Subroutine names:Main, Home, Pick, Pallet, Open_gripper, Close_ gripper, and the Teach_Drop ABB Rapid – Case Study PROC MAIN() ! MAIN routine – Layer 1 ! Clear the Teach Pendant screen TPERASE; ! Display message on the Teach Pendant TPWrite; â€Å" 2 x 3 Palletizing program† ! Declare VARIABLES rows := 2; columns := 3; ! Program Logic MoveJ Home, V1000, Z50, T1; WaitTime 0. ; Pallet; MoveJ Home, V1000, Z50, T1; ENDPROC Nested â€Å"FOR† loop PROC Pallet() ! Palletizing routine – Layer 2 ! y is in the inner loop and x is in the outer loop FOR x FROM 0 TO rows-1 STEP1 DO FOR y FROM 0 TO columns-1 STEP1 DO PICKUP; MoveJ Offs(droppt, x*76. 2, y*50. 8, 50),v1000,fine,tool0; MoveLOffs(droppt, x*76. 2, y*50. 8, 0),v1000,fine,tool0; opengripper; MoveL Offs(droppt, x*76. 2, y*50. 8, 50),v1000,fine,tool0; ENDFOR ENDFOR Adding TPReadFK instruction TPReadFK (TPRead Function Keys) – whe n the robot waits for an operator input.TPReadFK Variable,â€Å" â€Å",†1†³,†2†³,†3†, â€Å"4†,†5†³; Variable value – depends on the pressed function Key. The variable will be assigned with the value 1 to 5. † First quotationâ€Å" – Blank â€Å"1† – Replace 1 with the preferred text. ( Same for â€Å"2†,†3†³, â€Å"4†, and â€Å"5â€Å") Use the Variable as a condition for the IF†¦ Else IF.. condition 2-dimensional palletizing with TPReadFK ! MAIN subroutine – Layer 1 PROC MAIN() ! Display message on the Teach Pendant TPERASE; TPWrite â€Å" Palletizing program†; ! Declare VARIABLES ! Rows:=2; Cols:=3; !User define Pallet Matrix subroutine usr_def; ! Program Logic Home; ! WaitDi di7,1; (Next semester) WaitTime 0. 5; Palletize; Home; WaitTime 1; ENDPROC ! User defined Pallet Matrix subroutine PROC usr_def() TPErase; TPReadFK User_IN,â€Å" â€Å", †1Ãâ€"2†³,†2Ãâ€"3†³,†2Ãâ€"4†,â€Å" â€Å",â€Å" â€Å"; IF User_IN =1 THEN Rows:=1; Cols:=2; ELSEIF User_IN =2 THEN Rows:=2; Cols:=3; ELSEIF User_IN =3 THEN Rows:=2; Cols:=4; ENDIF ENDPROC TPReadFK in QuickTeach software Select IPL1 select #7 Communicate. Then create the TPReadFK instruction. Highlight the variable name and select the Enter key.Type the variable name Skip first quotation by selecting the â€Å"Next† function key. Then select the â€Å"Text† function key to type â€Å"1X2†. Repeat the steps for â€Å"2 x 3† and â€Å"2 x 2 x 2† matrix or any other matrix you want. Below the TPReadFK instruction, create the If-ThenElse instruction. TPReadFK in QuickTeach software cont’d.. Else IF Instruction Select IPL1 Select the IF instruction. Highlight the entire instruction Select enter key From the function keys, select ADD Select ELSE IF to create the instruction, then select OK. Case study â⠂¬â€œ 3D palletizing

Research Design Essay

In determining a research question it is important to know that this is the most critical aspect of the research. The research question will define the process, it will also guide the direction of the arguments and inquiries. The research question will provoke the interest of the reviewer. When there is a research question that does not work, it does not matter how strong the research is, it will be unsuccessful. In order to write a strong research question, it takes time. It is important to determine what lead you to the topic. Why does it matter? Start to formulate the questions by following the interest in the research question. A lot of time should be spent on researching and writing about the anticipated project. I have chosen bullying laws, should the state or federal government put laws into place to prevent bullying. This is important to me because it is something that I can relate to. Bullying has received a lot of attention in a lot of school shooting and other related incidents of violence. Bullying is a serious issue and is worth of rational attention, awareness and action. My hypothesis will be, bullying has become a major problem in schools and has been shown to lead to a lot of problems, even later in life. Bullying has become something that a lot of people have been thinking about and is something that has received a lot of different forms of attention. But, this is something that will be explored in elementary students, to put it better, why do certain students become bullies. This hypothesis is definitely both null and alternate because the null hypothesis states that just because the null hypothesis is not rejected does not mean that the statement is true. For example, some people believe that kids will be kids so it is no big deal, but that is why it is important to pin point why the child is doing what he/she is doing. The alternate studies different avenues when exploring the hypothesis. This hypothesis I believe is a quantitative design. I think this because the quantitative design s a formal, objective, systematic process for obtaining information about the world. A method is used to describe, test relationships, and examine the cause and effect relationships. So, when determining whether certain laws should be in place is always something that should be formal and systematic. The cause and effect relationship could be that bullying sometimes cause deaths which is the effect of bullying. This hypothesis is a descriptive design. Typical descriptive design examines the characteristics of a single sample. The hypothesis relates to comparative descriptive design because it compares two or more groups that occur naturally in a setting, while exploring differences. A case study is something that will need to be done in order to test the hypothesis. A case study is an intensive exploration of a single unit of study such as, the person, the family, the group, the community or the institution. Nominal scale is basically a way to categorize or group behavior. This is when the actual numbers are simple labels and identifiers. For example, if you wanted to know who endures the most bullying, you can separate them into female aggression and male aggression and then label the groups â€Å"1† and â€Å"2. † Ordinal scales are more precise than nominal scales. An ordinal scale is basically a set of rankings. So when using the ordinal scale you can put kids in to a ranking by popularity. You can have the kids placed in groups by the number of friends that they have. So those who don’t have any friends will be 1 and those having more than one friend will be 2 and so on. The interval scale is the same as the ordinal scale, but just showing differences of those 1 and 2 on an interval scale is the same as the difference between 4 and 5. Descriptive statistics are important because if presented with raw data it would be difficult to visualize what is showing in the data. This is especially true when there is a lot of data to read. Descriptive statistics will enable the data to present it in a meaningful way. This will allow for a less complex interpretation of the data. For example if we polled 100 students on whether or not they have ever been bullied, we may be interested in the overall behavior of those students. We would be interested in the gender and age of those students. Descriptive statistics will allow us to be able to do this. It will allow us to accurately describe data through statistics and graphs in a vital subject and to be discussed in other guides. There are many times when we do not have access to the entire population that you are interested in investigating. For example you might be interested in the bullying in the UK. It is not reasonable to measure all the bullying in the schools in the UK. It would be more logical to measure smaller samples of students, like 100 students, which will be used to represent the larger population group of students in the UK. I believe that descriptive statistics would be a better choice for this study. Frequency distribution shows the summarized grouping of data, it is divided into mutual select classes.

I remember Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

I remember - Essay Example They seem to be telling me that I am not alone and I can almost hear them calling out and extending their arms to me whenever I feel no one is there for me. On this particular afternoon, I walked for just a few minutes before I finally stopped and simply looked at the sea before me. I watched and appreciated for the first time the sight of a vast and seemingly endless body of water. I reckoned that I was there for the first time because it was only then that I stopped to look around what the place has in store for me. I breathed in deeply the salty breeze and realized what I have been missing during my previous visits. Somehow, a person comes to a point in his life when he finally stops in the midst of the demands of this fast-paced world and just appreciates the often unnoticed treasures. As I left the shore, I felt like I had the best, most fulfilling and sating experience. It was like gobbling a chocolate cake, smothered with the smoothest ice cream and topped with

HRM, Leadership Learning and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

HRM, Leadership Learning and Development - Essay Example The typical procedure involves presentation of a neutral stimulus along with a stimulus of some significance (unconditional stimulus). The neutral stimulus (also known as conditional stimulus) can produce the same behavioural response as the stimulus of some significance. This response was called conditional response (Pavlov, 1927). The speed and strength of this conditional response is directly proportional to the predictive value of the conditional stimulus relative to the unconditional stimulus (Rescorla and Wagner, 1972). Pavlov’s theories are among the few models from psychology which have permeated popular culture. Despite some shortcomings, the theory continues to receive a good deal of respectful consideration in academia as well (Bitterman, 2005). The implications from the theory are also exploited in media and advertising (Allen, 1989). Pavlov’s unconscious conditioning does not produce new behaviour, but recreates the reflexive behaviour in the presence of ne w stimuli. The implications for workplace can be significant. The conditional stimulus couple with unconditional stimulus can produce the desired emotional behaviour (Merle, 2001). For example, an executive can convey a good news in person and the bad news can be delivered through an impersonal email. Thus, as interactions with the manager or leader are associated with good news and the employees can look forward to follow his lead. 2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Pavlov's unconscious conditioning in enabling learning The relationship between a conditional stimulus and conditional response is not fixed but is influenced by a number of external variables. Thus, the process for associating conditional stimulation with conditional response is not often reduced to a neat mathematical model. In most cases, practitioners have to rely on a more intuitive approach to pair a stimulus with a response. If the pairing of conditional stimulus and conditional response is weakened then the res ponse may diminish with time (Heth, 2009). Here again, managers have to rely on an intuitive approach to sense that the desired response is diminishing. To extend the example mentioned before, a manager will no longer be associated with good news, if he mismanages a couple of projects (even though he continues to distribute all the bad news through impersonal memos). Often, a novel stimulus similar to the conditional stimulus can elicit the same response as the conditional stimulus and the phenomenon is termed as respondent stimulus generalization (). The greater the physical similarity between novel stimulus and conditional stimulus more is the likelihood of a similar response (Merle, 2001). For instance an employee, who was injured by a drill machine, may develop an aversion to other machine tools as well. 3.1 Skinnerian conditioning Skinner (1938) demonstrated that rats kept hungry can be trained to press levers on a wall, when the action of pressing the levers produces food item s (reinforcements). The functional equivalent of food in workplace is rewards or incentives. It is generally well accepted that incentives can produce desired behaviour. But the Skinnerian conditioning theories give us further insights on the subject. For instance, the schedule of reinforcement has a significant bearing on the pattern of behaviour produced

Who Are Guilt for School Shootings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Who Are Guilt for School Shootings - Essay Example Bullying can happen at school and also in the social media; it is perpetrated on sites such as Facebook or Twitter. The victim feels tortured and humiliated. The bullies are often school or classmates who have the intent of embarrassing or humiliating their colleagues. They do so by posting hatred messages about their victims on the internet. When that happens, the victim undergoes severe emotional pain. To make the matter worse, the victim finds it hard to remove such hatred messages from the internet. As a result, they feel the whole world knows about what has been said about them. Adults take little notice of such messages and their impacts. Thus, the perpetrators seek ways of revenging. They finally resort to attacking their bullies by shooting to end the pain inflicted on them.School shootings take place because the perpetrators do not value life. Their perspective of life is entirely distorted by their beliefs. In most cases, they face challenges in initiating social relationsh ips. For example, some of them do not have good friends. However, they desire to be sociable, but they encounter difficulties in initiating or sustaining social relationships. The potential friends may not want to associate with them. Peer groups also distance themselves from them. As a result, they feel isolated. At home or school, the parents or teachers may fail to notice the social isolation faced by such students. Thus, there will be no one to provide immediate solutions or strategies of overcoming the isolation. Therefore, the isolated students look for ways of punishing people around them.School shootings occur because the perpetrators have mental problems. Some perpetrators with anxiety feel that the world is against them. They tend to develop the fear of the unknown. They have the feeling that they are powerless and unable to change what happens in their lives. Other perpetrators with mania have impaired reasoning about the things that happen around them. They have the feel ing that other people hate them. They also have a fear of failing in everything they do particularly at school. Thus, they feel the only option at their disposal is to lash out at others to show or make them feel a similar pain.

The Movie Playing by Heart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Movie Playing by Heart - Essay Example Attachment and commitment was a different story, however, because each individual had a different background. Hannah and Paul, married for 40 years survived Paul’s brief infidelity even if he and Hannah only had closure about that affair recently. Theirs is a case of true love that conquered all and is the kind of marriage that is permanent and not fleeting. Gracie and Hugh’s marriage was on the rocks because boredom set in and Gracie did not think Hugh had enough imagination to make their marriage more exciting, that is why Hugh kept trying to invent stories and sell these to women in bars to prove to himself that he is still an interesting man. Gracie, however, goes off to have a physical affair with a man he thought was exciting. Their marriage was not built on a strong foundation because the commitment to each other was flimsy and consistently needed concrete proof that they were worthy of each other. Meredith and Trent’s relationship is new, thanks to Trentà ¢â‚¬â„¢s devotion and persistence in breaking down the high wall that Meredith had built around herself. Being able to get through to her was a major breakthrough that both he and Meredith had a great chance of a successful relationship. The same is true of Joan and Keenan who met casually at a bar. Although their lives seem to be shallow, once they opened up to each other and decided to become vulnerable, they discovered what love was. The movie seemed to point out that once walls are broken down and the person inside agrees to be exposed until another person gets to love him or her for what he or she is, then the love that will grow from it is true. The couples Meredith and Trent and Joan and Keenan have chances to have happy marriages and probably children to complete their families. This is because they have made a decision, to be honest with each other and to live without pretenses.

Critique of the article Overpopulation threatens the environment Essay

Critique of the article Overpopulation threatens the environment - Essay Example The author brings to fore a grave problem that faces the modern world today, by seeing it in a different perspective. He points to the fact that in order to sustain the environment, human beings have to control the birthrates and take immediate action so that the environment is protected for all living beings, including humans to survive. According to him, the best means to achieve this objective is to refrain from producing more children and he considers vasectomy as a noble mission of the modern day man, in the face of the current situation. The article, published in the Opposing Viewpoints Series by Green Haven Press, deals mainly with the problem that over population of the earth by the human species has a lot of â€Å"far-reaching and overwhelmingly destructive impacts on many other animal and plant species† (Cascadia 22). The author claims that overpopulation destroys biodiversity on earth to such a extent that it will become impossible for life to sustain on the planet in the long run. The author also argues that â€Å"The entire history of humanity is one of environmental destruction and the eradication of other species† (Cascadia 22). ... Human encroachment of the environment, and the dire consequences that await them due to over exploitation of the resources, remains a topic of engaging debates across the globe. In this scenario, Cascadia attempts to reemphasize this concern, in a bid to make his audience take cognizance of the problem. The author uses the literacy devices of logos, pathos, ethos and logical fallacies as well as statistical data, to put his point convincingly across to his audience. The title itself, simple and precise, communicates the essence of the essay directly to the readers. The author then introduces the topic, referring to the impact of overpopulation and its exponential growth, by referring to the data of births and deaths. In any major mishap such the Asian Tsunami or 9/11, the death toll is much less than the birthrate in a day. By citing statistics such as this, the author illustrates a logic that controlling birth rate is a significant concern for humans in order to protect the environm ent whose resources are already over consumed. The very logic of the situation amply convinces the readers of the essay about the gravity of the situation. Cascadia appeals to the emotions of his audience by referring to historical context of human migration to different landscapes. By specifically citing the instance of the â€Å"extinction of mega fauna† in North America as a consequence of human influx in the area over 10,000 years ago, the author deftly illustrates the impact excessive human concentration can have on the environment. Again, the author’s dexterity in deploying the literary elements of pathos and rhetoric becomes evident when he refers to the example

Moral Skepticism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Moral Skepticism - Essay Example Illness of the mind causes brain dysfunction (Graham). Graham’s view of antirealism is that the term mental and disorder are separate and must always be viewed in dualism. Mental cannot be viewed in a disorderly form since they are always arranged in a particular way. Thus, it is a state of mind function that can be used to describe how a person behaves. Moral anti-realism is the denial of the fact that mental disorders bring almost the moral change of a person. A fact that has been forwarded is that mental illness is a dualistic activity that the physicians call metaphysical scepticism. They also argue that mental illness is indefensible and thus cannot be argued against it. Therefore, an ill person will have to behave in such a way that he does not respect other people in the society (Graham). The argument is that the person’s brains are not medically fit and cannot be questioned. The state of questioning lacks because it is the brain that controls the behaviour. Given that the person mind are alright, it is the sickness of the brain that will transform a person to behave the way he or she does. Thomas Szasz argues that determining and terming a person as mentally disordered is disrespectful. Indeed. He argues that the idea demoralises their dignity as human. The reason of his argument is that the mental illness can be likened to physical illness thereby exposing the sick to various contestable experiments in terms of the values of the person. The social-political character that the person get exposed to be unfairly judged since mental disorder or sickness cannot be compared with the physical destruction of the body. The mentally ill people are thus considered as a lesser human being who do not attract respect from the society. Therefore, it is the moral procedural that they lack, but not sickness as the no medicine can be administered to restore the order of the brain. The idea is

Assignment 5 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

5 - Assignment Example It is mentioned that it is important not only to attract and employ the top talent but also provide them with a suitable work environment that is considerate of their needs as professionals (Clark). With the advent of technology, the fresh graduates from top colleges are tech savvy and require independence as far as work is concerned. Thus, in order to satisfy them organizations need to break their cultural mindset and be more flexible towards conditions that complement  their  performance. The article suggests that the procurement leader needs to be opening minded so as to how to make each member of his team feel at ease. Since the millennial have always been technologically savvy and require technologically sound facilities that can facilitate their work process, the leaders of procurement teams should accommodate them and allow them the discretion of doing things their way to a certain extent and recognize them for the outcome of their work. Today’s professionals are generally inquisitive about the why aspect of every decision and require a logical backing for every instruction they are given. Technology might increase their work efficiency and time consumption rate but their thought process is also enhance d as a result thus they prefer to work in organizations that are transparent and have their decisions clearly laid out for all the participants to reason, comprehend and ultimately act upon them effectively. Another aspect covered in the chosen article is that of continuous training and development. Professionals of today seek organizations that provide them with the adequate training that hones and nurtures their existing knowledge and help them gain sustainable knowledge that is periodically enhanced through training sessions In a nutshell the article suggests that the procurement leaders need to be open to change and strive to continuously equip their organization and teams with the